Effectiveness of Integrated Health Education for Pregnant Women with Moderate Anemia at Dr. Soeratno Gemolong Regional Hospital: A Case Study

Abstract

Background: Anemia during pregnancy remains a significant global public health issue; in Indonesia, the prevalence rose from 37.1% (2013) to 48.9% (2018). Anemia adversely affects both the mother (risks of hemorrhage, infection, and fatigue) and the fetus (prematurity, low birth weight, and developmental disorders). The most common cause is iron deficiency resulting from increased metabolic demands and non-adherence to iron (Fe) tablet supplementation.

Objective: To describe the nursing care provided to Mrs. A, a pregnant woman with anemia, in the Lily Ward of Dr. Soeratno Gemolong Regional General Hospital (RSUD), covering assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation.

Method: A qualitative descriptive case study utilizing the nursing process approach (assessment, SDKI diagnosis, SIKI intervention, implementation, and SLKI evaluation) was conducted on Mrs. A (G4P3A0, 23 years old, 37 weeks pregnant, Hb 8 g/dL [moderate anemia]) over a three-day hospitalization period.

Results: Following health education, the "Knowledge Deficit regarding Anemia" was resolved, while the "Nutritional Deficit" was partially resolved (appetite improved, three-quarters of meals consumed, nausea subsided, though body weight had not yet increased significantly). "Impaired Peripheral Perfusion" was also partially resolved (Hb increased to 9.2 g/dL and dizziness subsided, although the target range of 11–12 g/dL was not yet reached).

Conclusion: Health education regarding anemia and nutrition was effective in improving the patient's knowledge and enhancing peripheral perfusion and nutritional status, although further increases in hemoglobin levels and body weight require more time.