CGM : TEKNOLOGI CERDAS LAWAN DIABETES TIPE 2 DI USIA PRODUKTIF

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic non-communicable disease with a rising global prevalence, including among working-age adults (18–59 years). The disease negatively affects productivity and quality of life. Conventional Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) provides only point-in-time measurements and may reduce patient adherence. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) is a digital health technology that continuously measures interstitial glucose every 1–5 minutes without repeated finger pricks.

Methods: This systematic literature review was conducted through structured searches of six databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Dimensions, DOAJ, and SINTA) and two additional sources (Google Scholar and CINAHL). Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and methodological quality was assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal tools. Of 304 identified records, 30 primary studies published between 2021 and 2026 met the inclusion criteria.

Results: The findings indicate that CGM consistently reduced HbA1c by 0.19–0.37% compared with SMBG, increased Time in Range (TIR) by up to 22 percentage points, and decreased hypoglycemia episodes and glycemic variability. Evidence supports CGM effectiveness in adult populations whose mean age largely falls within the working-age range, although direct evidence specifically targeting individuals aged 18–59 years remains limited. Integration of CGM with AI-enabled digital health platforms may enhance self management behaviors, although supporting evidence remains scarce. The FreeDM2 trial (Wilmot et al., 2026) further demonstrated the superiority of rtCGM in T2DM patients receiving basal insulin therapy.

Conclusion: Nurses play a strategic role in CGM education and implementation to optimize clinical outcomes.

KEYWORDS : CGM, continuous glucose monitoring, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, working-age adults.